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  • September1st

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    A version of this article appeared in the Times Eureka magazine

    It’s said that you never really learn to swear until you learn to drive. Indeed, I’ve only ever heard my father say the word ‘fuck’ twice: once after being cut up by a Volvo on the main road out of Uttoxeter, the other when he emerged from the shower and was leapt on by a litter of newly born kittens who had mistaken a piece of his anatomy for a play-thing.

    It seems that as soon as we take the wheel we lose almost any ability to be forgiving or think kindly of our fellow auto-nauts. Even the Dalai Lama, it is rumoured, once flipped the V’s at a motorbike courier – although in his defence this was probably an emotional reaction having just been cheated out of a parking space by a sneeringly triumphant Michael Palin.

    The growl of the engine stirs a primeval desire for confrontation. The road is a battlefield, the family saloon a chariot of righteousness and it’s dangerous to break these well-understood rules of engagement. Once, at some traffic lights, I foolishly wound down my window to apologise to the van driver I had just troubled with a lane change that was, shall we say, ambitious. He had no idea what to do. My apology left him literally dumfounded, so much so that he forgot to move off when the lights changed and someone ran into the back of him.

    Electric cars therefore offer us only danger. Without the guttural roar of the internal combustion engine or the smell of oil and gasoline (that heady aroma known as Eau de Clarkson) an unsuspected side effect of ‘going electric’ may be that the driving public are nudged into a politer and more genteel mindset – an erosion of one of our culture’s cornerstone pleasures, i.e. the unspoken permission to regard ourselves as completely superior to everyone else (also called ‘doing a Piers Morgan’). And there’s physical peril too. The quietness of electric cars has led to worries that pedestrians and cyclists might not hear them coming (something viewers of Top Gear may consider an advantage) with calls from the EU to provide EV’s with an external sound system that mimics the noises made by petrol vehicles – the motoring world’s equivalent of Take That doing a Black Sabbath cover. There is a terrible fear among petrol-heads that electric cars will dial down the take-no-prisoners joy of ‘real’ driving to the level of playing Scalextric – that owning a hybrid or electric car will somehow infantilise us (like putting on a nappy, or going into politics).

    But perhaps they can trade one game of one-upmanship for another, that of The Righteous Green? An electric car silently mocks the neighbour’s gas-guzzling four-by-four. To paraphrase Oscar Wilde, fossil-fuel powered cars won’t become obsolete because they are evil, only when they become vulgar. How flaccid and unseemly the hulking turd of next door’s BMW X-5 might appear when compared to the nippy new generation of e-vehicles. Or what about enjoying some financial smugness? How will you feel telling your rival that while they spent £80 on a tank of BPs finest lagoon-raping hydrocarbon gloop you can get the same mileage for £3.50 (all generated via the new solar panels on your roof of course). But is it enough? Are we trading in a grand and long-cherished arena of fierce mutual contempt only to replace it with tepid forums for exercising mild disdain? Surely quoting energy efficiency figures can never be as satisfying as the petrol-driven joy of questioning both the intellect and sexual practices of our fellow drivers? Damn it! I don’t want an Apple i-car, I want my motor made by the devil himself – and I reserve the right to drive it with all the social grace of Michael Winner.

    This is why I lobbied, as one of the guest drivers of this year’s Oxford to London eco-rally, to be behind the wheel of a Tesla Roadster, the electric car that even Jeremy Clarkson described as ‘biblically quick’. At £92,000, and modelled on the Lotus Elise, it is cock-rocking face of electric motoring that allows me to offset my green tendencies coming, as it does, with all the trappings of conspicuous consumption typical of the complete banker. It could also be the new face of car-as-misogyny-powered-chick-magnet, a car that says, ‘Hey honey, not only am I stupidly rich, I also really care about the planet.’ In fact I’m sure it won’t be long before enterprising heavy-walleted banking types, in an attempt to look planet-friendly, are retro-fitting their hybrids and e-cars with petrol engines while no-one is looking, echoing the green-wash of many of their employers. As always, when someone touts their green credentials it’s a good idea to check under the hood.

  • September9th

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    Boston7

    Cynthia Breazeal

    Met with Cynthia Breazeal today… and it was great. But, before I headed over to the MIT Personal Robotics Lab I headed to Harvard Square to buy the chocolates that were a condition of my interview. You see, Cynthia doesn’t talk to that many people. As her formidable PA, Polly Guggenheim keeps telling me every time we speak ‘Do you know how many people I turn down?’ reminding me of my special and precarious position… At one point during my negotiations with Polly she says, “I’m maybe of a mind to grant you an interview…” to which I reply, “So, what does it take?”. “Honestly?” she says. “Chocolate. Good dark chocolate”. 

    Therefore my first trip of the day is to L.A. Burdick, fine chocolatiers with a store in Harvard Square. On my walk there I pass an aggressively drunk tramp shouting vigourously to no-one in particular. As I draw closer to him I realise that, like most of the aggressive drunk tramps I’ve witnessed, he has a broad Scottish accent. Does Scotland export these globally then? I thought it was just a UK thing. Then a theory strikes me. Maybe most of them aren’t Scottish. Perhaps something about the itinerant alcoholic lifestyle alters the vocal chords to makes one sound Scottish, giving that proud nation an unfortunate cadre of fake ambassadors around the planet. I have a short fantasy about asking him where he’s from and receiving the reply ‘Rio de Janeiro, pal!’ Or maybe, after all, the Scots are just better at producing drunken tramps than other nations… I’d like to see a study.

    I deliver the chocolates to the Personal Robotics lab and they are received first with detailed inspection, then approval. I’ve done well, getting the interview off to a good start. In fact I’m invited to share the chocolates, being told that the antioxidants within will do me good. I decline. I want all that chocolate goodwill going into the interview.

    Cynthia is a generous interviewee, but clearly has no time for waffle. She speaks voluminously in response to my questions but with great efficiency. Our talk ranges from robot architectures, to machine intelligence, to the economic impacts of robotics, to the ethics of sociable machines – taking in learning and developmental psychology along the way. Early on in our conversation she says she’s driven by a vision of robots “as interesting personalities in their own right, robots crossing over into what we would consider living systems that relate to us” – not what robots are now, but what they could be. She’s very clear to draw a distinction between robot personalities and human personalities. A constant refrain in our talk is that she is not trying to, and indeed sees little value in creating artificial humans. She talks of human-robot relations as a new kind of relationship. She talks of robot emotions, not human emotions. “Robots aren’t humans, right?”

    Cynthia operates in a world that is both interdisciplanary (bringing together mechanics, computing, artificial intelligence, animation, cognitive and development psychology) and dogged by ‘definitional problems’. How for instance do you know if your robot is ‘alive’ or ‘conscious’ when no definition of what ‘life’ of ‘consciousness’ can be agreed on? Indeed, one of the contributions social robotics may make to our knowledge is helping us to define those terms, another driver behind Cynthia’s work. “We’re starting to see sociable robots as a very intriguing way to learn about people”.

    The full interview, of course, will be in the book, along with, I hope, a new term to replace ‘robot’ which Cynthia and I discussed as being a loaded term, and no longer representative of the sociable machines she imagines will share our future. She’s tasked me with coming up with that term… and I think I’ve got it, but will sit with it for a while…

    Following our interview I ‘meet’ the world’s most famous sociable robot, Leonardo, although he’s sadly, switched off. But I urge you to watch this video of Leo in action – and glimpse something of the future of sociable machines…

  • September7th

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    I arrive in Boston tired after a long journey from Guildford, via Woking, Heathrow and a nice chat on the plane with Ryan, a undergraduate physics student at Brown University (which has recently entered the public consciousness in the UK, it being the choice of Harry Potter actress Emma Watson). We have a long chat about genetics (he’s reading Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene) the Large Hadron Collider (he’s not a big fan, saying that the money spent on it could have funded thousands of other labs globally) and what to call meals when your flying between timezones. We can’t decide whether it’s ‘Linner’ or ‘Dunch’. Thinking about the LHC, its current ‘out of operation’ status is something of an embarassment all round, not least I suspect for the person who had to make the phonecall to all the funders… ‘What do you mean it’s the parts and the labour?!’

    Hungry, I find a seafood bar near my hotel, where I’m rewarded with a cool beer and the hugest starter I’ve witnessed, well, since the last time I was in the US. Even in these first few hours Boston reveals itself to be a town that values intellect. My waitress is training to be a pychotherapist after quitting her job as a producer at ABC and I chat to senior couple (childhood sweethearts) one of whom worked on Byte magazine, which was something of a sacred text for computer geeks everywhere in the late 70s. Before going to bed I e-mail my article about the psychology of humour to The Telegraph and note with amusement that they’ve let me have my gags about Ed Milliband (Labour) and Lembit Opik (Liberal Democrat) but have removed my suggestion that Tory’s get caught naked more often than representatives of other political parties. Hmmm. I’ll refrain from wondering what this says about The Telegraph’s sense of humour.

    A jet-lagged inspired early rise the next day sees me set of to explore Boston, which is deserted. I put this down to the early hour but it stays ominously quiet. Outside the MIT media lab (where I’ll interview Cynthia Breazeal on Wednesday) I meet a grumpy PhD who explains it’s a national holiday, ‘Labor Day’ (like William Shatner, a Canadian import). He’s not happy, explaining he’s left completing his doctoral dissertation a little late, hence having to work on a holiday that traditionally marks the end of summer for US citizens.

    The day warms into one of pure summery goodness (if this is the last day of summer it’s going out on a high) and I walk and walk and walk. All in all I’m out for 8 hours, and walking for 7 of them. In the Public Gardens I stumble on a large demonstration in support of President Obama’s proposed health reforms. It’s interesting to think that while I’m here I’ll be meeting scientists that may make many of the conditions that these demonstrators believe need legislative reform to provide equitable treatment a thing of the past. Indeed, my research on the genomics revolution shows it has the potential to drastically reduce the healthcare burden in all societies… but as ever politics will need to play its part. Let’s hope it’s an equitable one. Genomics has applications in reducing the cost of health care but also raises the ugly spectre of insurance firms turning you down for cover based on a risk-assessment of your genome.

    I chat to a few of the demonstrators and ask why they think some people are anti-reform. A few mention the worry it’s ‘socialism by the back door’. In America it seems anything that might have the word ‘socialist’ attached to it is treated like one of the ugly tumours genetic medicine may banish. It strikes me as sad that the word has become devalued by misinterpretation, like ‘feminism’ seems to have and, to a certain extent, ‘optimism’. One thing that is bothering me is that everyone I speak to asks me where in Australia I’m from.

    Boston is a city built on learning. You can’t move for college campuses. I wander to Harvard Medical School, where I’ll interview Professor of Genetics George Church on Friday and feel slightly awed by how important the building on 77 Louis Pasteur Avenue is in relation to the future of medicine and synthetic biology.

    Today, by contrast, was a research day, reading up on sociable robots… and comedy clubs in the city. I’ve scored a gig tomorrow night at Mottley’s Comedy Club which should be fun, my first gig in the states…

    I’ve just stayed up to do an interview on BBC Radio Wales about the psychology of humour, it’s 1:40am. Time for bed.